Level 5 · Lean Startup
COST

Stage 3 · Cost · Right-Sizing · Avoiding Over-Engineering

Lean Startup

You inherited this system from an engineer who never met a component they didn't like. The load is modest and read-heavy — nowhere near what this stack was built for — and the burn rate is eating the runway. Nothing here is broken; there's just too much of it. Strip it back to the smallest design that still meets the bar.

Requirements

Functional

  • ·A standard read-mostly app — nothing new to build, just right-size what's already running

Non-functional

  • ·~150 requests/sec
  • ·95% reads
  • ·p99 latency ≤ 150ms
  • ·99% availability

Constraints

  • ·Budget: $6/hr or less — the inherited stack costs $12/hr for load it doesn't need

Out of scope

  • ·New features — this is a cost pass on an existing system, not a redesign

TrafficRequests per second — the rate of incoming traffic this level throws at your system.

~150 r/s · read-heavy
95% reads · 5% writesWhat fraction of requests are reads (fetches) vs writes (updates) — this decides which components sit on the hot path.

Win conditions

  • p99 latency99% of requests finish at or under this time — a stricter tail-latency bar than p95 that catches worst-case slowness.≤ 150ms
  • availabilityThe share of legitimate requests that succeeded, out of everything sent your way. 99% still means 1 in 100 users saw an error.≥ 99%
  • throughputHow many requests per second your system actually completed — not requested, completed.≥ 140 r/s
  • error rateThe share of requests that failed outright: timeouts, drops, or capacity overload.≤ 2%
  • costWhat your architecture costs to run per hour, based on the instances and components you've wired up.≤ $6/hr
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Drag components from the right → connect their handles → Run.

Drag onto canvas

Components

Client

ClientWhere traffic originates.

Compute

API GatewayFront door — the app tier requests pass through.
500 r/s · 20ms · $2/hr
Backend
350 r/s · 25ms · $2/hr
Lvl 7

Storage

SQL DatabaseRelational store. Durable, but the lowest throughput.
200 r/s · 50ms · $3/hr
NoSQL DB3× the throughput of SQL — at a premium. Pay for it only when the load demands it.
600 r/s · 30ms · $4/hr
Redis CacheIn-memory read-cache — absorbs repeated reads. Useless for writes.
5000 r/s · 3ms · $2/hr
Read Replica
200 r/s · 55ms · $3/hr
Lvl 12
DB Standby
200 r/s · 50ms · $3/hr
Lvl 13

Networking

CDN
50000 r/s · 5ms · $1/hr
Lvl 8
Load Balancer
10000 r/s · 2ms · $2/hr
Lvl 9
Reverse Proxy
8000 r/s · 3ms · $1/hr
Lvl 9

Messaging

Queue
8000 r/s · 8ms · $1/hr
Lvl 6

Security

WAF
20000 r/s · 3ms · $1/hr
Lvl 14
Rate Limiter
20000 r/s · 1ms · $1/hr
Lvl 14